The study of simultaneously using many independent computer processors to speed up computation.
Pulmonology
in Health Science
The study of diseases that affect the lungs and respiratory system.
Astrobiology
in Space Science
The multidisciplinary study of the nature, existence, and search for extraterrestrial life. Also called Exobiology or Xenobiology.
Epistemology
in Philosophy
The study of the nature, origin, and limits of human knowledge, and its justification.
Competition Law
in Law & Order
The study of rules regulating anti-competitive conduct by companies.
Positive Psychology
in Psychology
The study of what makes life most worth living, or what holds the greatest value in life, determined from the combined biological, personal, relational, institutional, cultural, and global dimensions of life.
African Philosophy
in Philosophy
The study of interpreting the truths and principles of fundamental human matters from an African perspective.
Operations Research
in Pure Mathematics
The study of improving the management and administration of organized military, governmental, commercial, and industrial processes using scientific research data.
Embryology
in Biology
The study of the prenatal development of gametes (sex cells), fertilization, and the development of embryos and fetuses.
Psephology
in Political Science
The study of elections, campaign finance information, voting trends, public opinion polls, historical precinct voting data, and similar statistical data.
International Relations
in Political Science
The study of the relations of sovereign states with each other, and with international organizations and certain bureaucracies, such as political parties, inter-governmental organizations, non-governmental organizations, and multinational corporations.
Biosystems Engineering
in Systems Science
The study of integrating the expertise of fundamental engineering fields with expertise from non-engineering disciplines.
Medical Sociology
in Sociology
The study of the social or cultural effects, the actions and interactions of healthcare professionals, the experiences of patients, and their reactions to medical practice, to medical organizations and institutions.
Philosophy of Social Science
in Philosophy
The study of unresolved matters and principles in the field of the Social Sciences, such as the meanings and causes of human behavior, the foundations of social life, and the possible existence of social laws in certain social phenomena.
Platonism
in Philosophy
The study of the dialogues of Plato, or other philosophical systems considered closely derived from them, which commonly depict an intense concern for the quality of human life.
Mechanics
in Physics
The study of the behaviour of bodies in motion when subjected to forces or displacements, and the forces they exert on one another and on their surrounding at rest.
Distributed Computing
in Computer Science
The study of coordinating components located on networked computers in the effort to make them communicate effectively to achieve a common result.
Music Education
in Performing Arts
The study of teaching music and the learning of music, which include the development of skills, the acquisition of knowledge, music appreciation, and the learner's willingness to internalize and share what is learned.
Applied Linguistics
in Language & Literature
The interdisciplinary study of identifying language problems such as interpretation, translation, social expression, sign language, and effective communication.
Ring Theory
in Pure Mathematics
The study of algebraic structures, their representations, modules, special classes, also an array of interesting properties both within the theory itself and for its applications.
Policy Studies
in Political Science
The study of policymaking, policy design, its contents, and the nature, causes, and effects of public policies, with particular emphasis on determining the policies that will achieve given goals.
Energy Economics
in Economics
The study of the supply, demand, distribution, and use of energy in societies.
Medieval Philosophy
in Philosophy
The study of the truths and principles of fundamental human matters as interpreted between the 5th and 16th century.
Parapsychology
in Psychology
The study of the human use of extrasensory perception beyond the five senses in the ability to acquire knowledge of other people’s thoughts or of future events, to levitate objects, or to bend metals through psychokinesis.
Islamic Economics
in Economics
The study of property ownership, money, employment, taxes, also the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services based on sharia law, which determines what is permissible, required, prohibited, encouraged, or discouraged.
Geopolitics
in Political Science
The study of the influence of industrialization, transportation, and other geographical factors on the power relationships in international relations.
Physiotherapy
in Health Science
The study of promoting mobility and physical body function through aspects of sports, mechanical force, or exercise.
Organology
in Performing Arts
The study of the history, cultural origin, classification, and the sound technicalities of musical instruments.
Medical Physics
in Physics
The study of the application of physics concepts, theories and methods to enhancing medicine or healthcare procedures. Also called Biomedical Physics, Medical Biophysics or applied Physics in Medicine.
Electronic Engineering
in Electrical Engineering
The study of using transistors, diodes and integrated circuits to design electronic circuits, devices, microprocessors, microcontrollers and more.
Macroeconomics
in Economics
The study of interrelations among the different sectors of an economy to determine as a whole the GDP, national income, output, consumption, inflation, savings, investment, international trade and finance, unemployment rates, national income, price indices, and the performance.
Dentistry
in Health Science
The study of diseases affecting the oral cavity and teeth.
Synthetic Chemistry
in Chemistry
The study of manipulating chemical reactions to obtain a product, such as insect pheromone.
Paralegal Studies
in Law & Order
The study of delegated legal work for which a lawyer is responsible.
Economic Sociology
in Economics
The study of using sociological concepts to analyze the cause and effect of the production, distribution, exchange, and consumption of goods and services.
Interstellar Medium
in Space Science
The study of the regions between the star systems in a galaxy, which contain cosmic rays, radiation, minute solid particles, and vast, diffuse clouds of gases in ionic, atomic, and molecular form.
Chronobiology
in Biology
The study of living organisms and their adaptation to solar and lunar cycles.
Chaos Theory
in Systems Science
The study of random or unpredictable behavior in complex systems governed by predictable laws.
Anatomy
in Biology
The study of the structure of organisms and their body parts.
Earth Systems Engineering & Management
in Systems Science
The study of using technology to recreate complex environmental systems that provide successful and lasting solutions to human-created problems such as environmental pollution, climate-change, overpopulation, and overconsumption.
Systems Philosophy
in Philosophy
The study of constructing a new worldview paradigm by using a systems concept that captures the "patterns" that recur across the Systemics, which is the study of systems; founded by Ervin Laszlo in 1972.
Urology
in Health Science
The study of diseases and disorders of the urinary tract and of the male reproductive organs.
Islamic Law
in Law & Order
The study of rules and duties incumbent upon a Muslim by virtue of his or her religious beliefs. Also called Sharīʿah.
Geophysics
in Earth Science
The study of planetary shapes and their gravitational and magnetic fields, internal structure and composition, dynamics, surface expression in plate tectonics, magma generation, volcanism and rock formation, water cycle, snow and ice, fluid dynamics of oceans and the atmosphere, electricity and magnetism in the ionosphere and magnetosphere, and solar-terrestrial relations.
Community Psychology
in Psychology
The study of how individuals behave and function within communities, societies, and social systems.
Applied Economics
in Economics
The study of applying economic theories and principles to real world situations such as in business, finance, consulting and government, in the effort to predicting potential outcomes.
Time Geography
in Geography
Trans-disciplinary study of human biographies, and the ability, social, and authority constraints that forces them to live the way they do.
Recording Engineering
in Performing Arts
The study of capturing, equalizing, mixing, adding audio effects, reinforcing, preserving, and reproducing sounds made from musical performances or sound renditions. Also called Audio Engineering or Vocal Engineering.
Futures Studies
in Sociology
The study of past and present social behaviors, to understand and determine what is likely to continue and what could plausibly change, to produce a possible, probable, and preferable future.
Technological History
in History
The study of the origins of technology.
Analytic Philosophy
in Philosophy
The study of speaking with clarity and precision, or to present arguments in the analysis of philosophical problems and concepts, to arrive at logical conclusions. Also called linguistic philosophy.
Orthoptics
in Health Science
The study of muscular eye control, wandering eye, lazy eye, and eye movement disorders.
Obstetrics
in Health Science
The study of childbirth, from pregnancy to delivery, to the diagnosis and treatment of disorders of the female reproductive tract.
Human Development Theory
in Economics
The study of using improved human capability and social justice as the measurement for human progress.
Virology
in Biology
The study of viruses, complexes of nucleic acids and proteins that have the capacity for replication in animal, plant and bacterial cells.
History of Dance
in Performing Arts
The study of dance origins. This field has yielded little knowledge due to a lack of historical or archaeological evidence.
Occupational Hygiene
in Health Science
The study of biological or chemical hazards, injuries or illnesses at industrial workplaces or offices.
Political History
in History
The study of the evolution of geo political events, ideas, movements, organs of government, voters, parties and leaders.
Mycology
in Biology
The study of fungi, including their genetic, biochemical properties, and taxonomy.
Typography
in Visual Arts
The study of creating and selecting typefaces, point sizes, line lengths, line-spacing, letter-spacing, the space between pairs of letters, style, arrangement, and appearance of the letters, numbers, and symbols to make written language clear, readable, and appealing when displayed.
Police Science
in Law & Order
The interdisciplinary study of using scientific research to advance policing.
Information Economics
in Economics
The study of how the creation and spread of true and fake information affect an economy and economic decisions.
Ecology
in Biology
The study of relationships between humans or living organisms and their natural, social, and built environments.
Volcanology
in Earth Science
The study of the nature and causes of volcanoes, their formation, distribution, classification, structure, and the kinds of materials ejected during an eruption.
Orchestral Music
in Performing Arts
The study of music played by groups of instrumentalists playing harmonic versions of the same instruments.
Applied Psychology
in Psychology
The study of using the findings of the study of psychology to solve practical problems of animal experience and human behaviors in subjects such as mental health, business management, education, health, product design, and ergonomics.
Group Theory
in Pure Mathematics
The study of systems consisting of a set of elements and a binary operation that can be applied to two elements of the set, which together satisfy certain axioms.
Semantics
in Language & Literature
The study of the inference or meaning of words, phrases, signs, and symbols.
Virtue Ethics
in Philosophy
The study of the roots of virtues, their nature, definition, the processes to acquire them, how to apply them in real life contexts, and if they are rooted in a universal human nature or in a majority of cultures.
Parasitology
in Biology
The study of parasites, their hosts, and the relationship between them.
Marxism
in Philosophy
The study of the works of Karl Marx, who stated that philosophy must become reality, in that, one could no longer be content with interpreting the world but must be concerned with transforming it, which means transforming both the world itself and human consciousness of it.
Radiology
in Health Science
The study of using radiation, positron emission tomography, or magnetic resonance imaging for the diagnosis and treatment of diseases.
Geology
in Earth Science
The study of the processes beneath the surface that have structured the Earth or any terrestrial planet or natural satellite, the various rocks composed, and the processes by which they change over time.
Nursing
in Health Science
The study of caring for the sick, the injured, the disabled, and the dying.
Transportation
in Hospitality
The study of the transiting of humans, animals and goods from one location to another.
Ornithology
in Biology
The study of birds. Branches include; #Oology - study of bird eggs, nests, and breeding behaviour.
Molecular Engineering
in Chemical Engineering
The interdisciplinary knowledge concerned with the design and testing of molecular properties, to know their behavior and interactions in order to assemble better materials, systems, and processes for specific functions.
Femtochemistry
in Chemistry
The study of chemical reactions that happen at extremely short timescales (approximately 10 to the power −15 seconds or one femtosecond, hence the name).
Pragmatics
in Language & Literature
The study of the contextual meanings of languages.
Econometrics
in Economics
The study of analyzing present economic data to make economic hypothesis using statistical and mathematical models.
Graphic Design
in Visual Arts
The study of selecting, combining, and arranging visual elements such as typography, images, symbols, in matching colors, to form a visual representation of an idea, to communicate a message to an audience, often in magazines, newspapers, books, advertising, web design, and product packaging.
Quantitative Psychology
in Psychology
The study of computing human or animal psychological processes using mathematical modeling, methodology, research design, and statistical analysis.
Clinical Physiology
in Health Science
Clinical analysis of bodily organs such as the heart, blood vessels, lungs, and kidneys.
Computer Architecture
in Computer Science
The study of selecting and interconnecting hardware components to create computers that meet specific functional performances and costs.
Differential Algebra
in Pure Mathematics
The study of rings, fields, and algebras equipped with finitely many derivations, which are unary functions that are linear and satisfy the Leibniz product rule.
Veterinary Medicine
in Health Science
The study of diseases and injury in domestic and wild animals, and the prevention of transmission of animal diseases to people.
Endurance sport
in Performing Arts
The study of exercising key muscles at submaximal intensities for prolonged periods.
Ethnozoology
in Biology
The study of the interrelationships between human cultures and the animals in their environment,
Computer Engineering
in Electrical Engineering
The study of developing computer hardware, circuit design, software design, software integration, microcontrollers, microprocessors, and many aspects of computing.
Music History
in Performing Arts
The study of the history of music genres.
Constitutional Law
in Law & Order
The study of rules that govern the basic rights of citizens and the operation of political entities within a state, namely, the executive, the parliament or legislature, and the judiciary.
Property Law
in Law & Order
The study of rules guiding transactions that involve tangible or intangible property, such as a factory or a diamond ring, stocks or a bank account.
Mass Transfer
in Mechanical Engineering
The study of the absorption, evaporation, drying, precipitation, membrane filtration, and distillation of mass from one location to another.
Environmental Chemistry
in Chemistry
The interdisciplinary study of the sources, reactions, transport, effects, and fates of chemical species in the air, soil, and water environments; and the effect of human activity and biological activity on these.
Ethnochoreology
in Performing Arts
The study of dance moves and dance costumes unique to cultural heritages.
Health Geography
in Geography
The study of syndromes common to geo locations.
Mathematical Economics
in Economics
The study of investigating economic difficulties and creating economic theories-based mathematical principles and methods, to prove, disprove and predict economic behavior.
Computational Linguistics
in Language & Literature
The study of using computers to analyze language data, language translation, frequencies of sounds, and word elements.
Limnology
in Biology
The study of the biological, chemical, and physical features of reservoirs, streams, lakes, and other bodies of fresh water as ecological systems interacting with their drainage basins and the atmosphere.
American Literature
in Language & Literature
The study of written or oral arts produced in English language only in the United States.
Business Law
in Law & Order
The study of rules governing commercial transactions between persons. Also called Corporate Law.
Criminology
in Sociology
The interdisciplinary study of the causes, consequences, correction, and prevention of criminal behavior and delinquency.
Gynecology
in Health Science
The study of female diseases, especially those affecting the female reproductive system and the breasts.
Experimental Economics
in Economics
The study of using economic data collected in experiments to test the validity of economic theories, to answer economic questions, and to mimic real-world incentives.
Federal Law
in Law & Order
The study of rules created by a central government superior to state governments with authority to govern international affairs, interstate commerce, currency, and national defense.
Biomaterials
in Materials Science
The study of materials engineered to interact with biological systems for medical purposes.
Fluid Dynamics
in Physics
The study of the flow velocity, pressure, density and temperature of liquids and gases.
Computational Number Theory
in Computer Science
The study of algorithms for performing number theoretic computations or integer computations.
Compiler
in Computer Science
The study of transforming a computer source language into another target language.
Libertarianism
in Philosophy
The study of political freedom, autonomy, freedom of choice, and liberty as the core human principle.
Ethnomusicology
in Performing Arts
The study of music in all its perspective approaches influenced by cultural and social heritages.
Pathology
in Biology
The study of the origin, nature, cause, and course of diseases. Branches include; #Clinical Pathology - Diagnosis of disease through blood tests and other bodily fluids. #Anatomical Pathology - the effect of disease on the structure of body organs. #Forensic Pathology - determining the cause of death by examining a corpse.
Nanotechnology
in Chemical Engineering
The study of the manipulation of matter to produce new technologies, structures, materials and devices at an atomic, molecular, and supramolecular scale.
Nuclear Physics
in Physics
The study of the constituents and interactions of atomic nuclei and other forms of nuclear matter.
Admiralty Law
in Law & Order
The study of rules governing ships and shipping.
Asian Literature
in Language & Literature
The study of literature from the Asian continent.
International Law
in Law & Order
The study of rules and standards governing relations between sovereign states and nations.
Consumer Psychology
in Psychology
The study of the emotional, mental and behavioral habits of individuals, groups, or organizations in the purchase, use, and disposal of goods and services.
Aesthetics
in Philosophy
The study of the interpretation, representation, expression, form, and the nature of beauty, taste, and art. Also called the Philosophy of Art.
Photochemistry
in Chemistry
The study of chemical reactions initiated by the absorption of energy in the form of light.
Otolaryngology
in Health Science
The study of diseases of the ear, nose, throat, base of the skull, and surgical management of cancers and benign tumors of the head and neck.
Physical Fitness
in Health Science
The study of well-being, to perform aspects of sports and athletic activities.
Physiology
in Biology
The study of how cells, muscles, and organs work together in synchrony to produce functioning organisms.
Molecular Mechanics
in Chemistry
The study of using classical mechanics to model molecular systems.
Iranian History
in History
The study of Iranian civilization.
Occupational Therapy
in Health Science
The study of maintaining the activities or occupations of people with mental health problems, disabilities, injuries, or impairments.
Geochemistry
in Chemistry
The study of the relative abundance, distribution, and migration of the Earth’s chemical elements and their isotopes in rocks and minerals, as well as the movement of these elements into soil and water systems.
Printmaking
in Visual Arts
The study of the knowledge of using print instead of a paintbrush to produce or reproduce images on paper, fabric, parchment or plastic, by various techniques of multiplication, with each reproduced image being unique.
Transport Phenomena
in Chemical Engineering
The study of the exchange of mass, energy, charge, momentum, and angular momentum between observed and studied systems.
Representation Theory
in Pure Mathematics
The study of representing the elements of abstract algebraic structures as linear transformations of vector spaces, to reduce problems in abstract algebra to linear algebra.
Organic Chemistry
in Chemistry
The study of the chemical composition, chemical constitution, structure, properties, and reactions of organic compounds and materials.
Environmental Engineering
in Civil Engineering
The study of recycling, waste disposal, water and air pollution control, radiation protection, and industrial hygiene.
Lexicology
in Language & Literature
The study of the similarities, construction, meaning, and relationships of words, also how they make up the vocabulary of a language.
Electrochemistry
in Chemistry
The study of the relation between chemicals and electricity.
Engineering Physics
in Electrical Engineering
The multidisciplinary study of the knowledge that focusses the principles of applied physics to design, develop, and build complex technologies in fields such as quantum physics, photonics, optics, nuclear engineering and more.
Meteorology
in Earth Science
The study of weather and its causes.
Jealousy Sociology
in Sociology
The study of the cultural and social factors that influence jealousy, and how attitudes towards it change over time.
Institutional Economics
in Economics
The study of how institutions work in shaping human behaviors, customs and choices.
Tourism
in Hospitality
The study of attracting, accommodating, and entertaining visitors from other regions or countries.
Optical Astronomy
in Space Science
The study of imaging the night sky via telescopes using photometry, where the amount of light coming from an object is measured, spectroscopy, where the distribution of that light with respect to its wavelength is measured, and polarimetry where the polarisation state of that light is measured.
Pre-Columbian Era
in History
The study of America’s civilization prior to European colonization.
Theory of Computation
in Pure Mathematics
The study of computer efficiency in problem solving, or the fundamental capabilities and limitations of computers.
Physical Cosmology
in Space Science
The study of the origin, structure, evolution, dynamics, and ultimate fate of celestial bodies.
Gamma Ray Astronomy
in Space Science
The study of extra solar and extra-galactic astronomy using gamma rays in the GeV range, which have photon energies above 100 keV and do not originate in the Solar System.
Nuclear Engineering
in Chemical Engineering
The study of the fission (breakdown) as well as the fusion (combination) of atomic nuclei, used to produce nuclear reactions for a variety of applications, which include MRI machines, nuclear power plants, and nuclear weapons.
Gastronomy
in Hospitality
The study of the preparation, cooking and presentation of cultural foods and beverages from around the world.
Dance Notation
in Performing Arts
The study of representing human dance movement and form, using methods such as graphic symbols and figures, path mapping, numerical systems, and letter and word notations.
Thermochemistry
in Chemistry
The study of the energy and heat generated during chemical reactions and physical transformations.
Experimental Psychology
in Psychology
The study of employing human participants and animal subjects to research such topics as sensation, perception, memory, cognition, learning, motivation, emotion, developmental processes, and socializing.
Associative Algebra
in Pure Mathematics
The study of algebraic structures such as groups, rings, fields, and lattices, which have compatible operations of addition, multiplication, and a scalar multiplication by elements in some fields.
Clinical Psychology
in Psychology
The study of observing, questioning, and interacting with a patient as a research basis for the diagnosis and treatment of mental disorders.
Intensive Care Medicine
in Health Science
The study of medical conditions that require technological life support.
Cloud Computing
in Computer Science
The study of centralizing computer resources, infrastructure, and high-level services, often over the Internet, in the effort to minimize management and maintenance costs.
Transpersonal Psychology
in Psychology
The study of the mystical and extreme aspects of human life experiences, altered states of consciousness, spiritual crises, spiritual evolution, spiritual practices, and religious conversion.
Electromagnetism
in Physics
The study of electricity and magnetism to produce electric fields, magnetic fields, electric charge, and light.
Modal Logic
in Pure Mathematics
The study of extending classical propositional and predicate logic to include operators expressing modalities such as necessity, possibility, impossibility, contingency, strict implication, and certain other closely related concepts.
Military Psychology
in Psychology
The study of using psychological theories as a tool for understanding, predicting, and countering enemy forces or civilian populations that may be threatening or potentially dangerous to the conduct of military operations.
Public Finance
in Economics
The study of government revenue and expenditure, the efficient allocation of resources, and the distribution of income.
Feminist Philosophy
in Philosophy
The study of the truths and principles of fundamental human matters as interpreted from a feminist perspective.
Automotive Engineering
in Mechanical Engineering
The study of designing, developing, fabricating, testing, manufacturing and modifying vehicles or vehicle components and their respective subsystems from concept to production.
Robotics
in Computer Science
The interdisciplinary study of building computerized machines that can substitute for humans in grievous and dangerous work situations.
Sexology
in Sociology
The study of human sexuality, sexual behavior, sexual interests, sexual development, relationships, intercourse, sexual dysfunction, transmitted diseases, and pathologies such as child sexual abuse or sexual addiction.
Model Theory
in Pure Mathematics
The study of creating sentences of mathematical logic that satisfy or interpret classes of mathematical structures such as groups, fields, and graphs.
Zootomy
in Biology
The study of the anatomy of organisms and their parts, and how they compare to each other.
Galaxies
in Space Science
The study of the processes that formed a heterogeneous universe from a homogeneous beginning, the formation of the first galaxies, the way galaxies change over time, and the processes that have generated the variety of structures observed in nearby galaxies.
Agricultural Economics
in Economics
The study of the allocation, distribution, and utilization of resources and commodities produced by farming.
Forensic Psychology
in Psychology
The study of evaluating an individual’s competency to stand trial, or pinpointing the relationship between a mental disorder to an accident or crime, or conducting interviews, administering tests, and gathering psychological information such as hospital records to determine a person’s potential for future dangerous behavior.
Cybernetics
in Systems Science
The study of using a technological system to control or regulate another system.
Power Engineering
in Electrical Engineering
The study of the generation, transmission, distribution and utilization of electric power.
Complexity Economics
in Economics
The study of the application of complexity science to solving extensive economic problems due to much dependencies, interrelationships, or interactions between numerous parts or between a given system and its environment.
Fiction
in Language & Literature
The study of imaginative storytelling based neither on strict fact nor on history.
Andrology
in Health Science
The study of male diseases, especially those affecting the male reproductive system.
Immunology
in Biology
The study of the immune system.
Cryogenics
in Physics
The study of the production, behaviours, and applications of materials at very low temperatures, often between −150 °C (−238 °F) to absolute zero.
Teleology
in Philosophy
The study of natural entities having inherent purposes, irrespective of human use or opinion, such as an acorn's intrinsic telos to become a fully-grown oak tree.
European History
in History
The study of European civilization.
Health Psychology
in Psychology
The study of how psychological, behavioral, and cultural factors contribute to physical health and illness.
Software Engineering
in Computer Science
The study of developing new technological possibilities and software using the systematic methods derived from the field of engineering, which include meeting specific requirements, design, construction, testing, configuration, maintenance, management, and quality.
Gerontology
in Sociology
The interdisciplinary study of the psychological aspects, the intellectual performances, the physiological bases, the pathological deviations, the disease processes, and the social and economic problems of aging in all animal species, precipitated by the increasing number of elderly people in the population.
Choreography
in Performing Arts
The study of creating, designing, or arranging dances or sequences of body movements in tune to rhythm.
Hydrogenation
in Chemistry
The study of chemical reactions between molecular hydrogen and other elements or compounds, ordinarily in the presence of a catalyst, commonly employed to reduce or saturate organic compounds.
Biophysics
in Biology
The study of applying the methods of physics to study biological systems.
Magneto Hydrodynamics
in Space Science
The study of using magnetic fields to induce electric currents in a moving conductive fluid, such as plasmas, liquid metals, salt water, and electrolytes.
Wireless Computing
in Computer Science
The study of connecting satellites and other electronic devices to each other without the use of cables.
Food Engineering
in Chemical Engineering
The multidisciplinary study of the cost-effective production and commercialization of food products and services. This includes the design and installation of food, biological, pharmaceutical production processes, and waste treatment systems.
Culinary Arts
in Hospitality
The study of the preparation, cooking and presentation of food in the form of meals.
Cosmo Chemistry
in Chemistry
The study of the chemical composition of matter in the universe and the processes that led to those compositions.
Medical Toxicology
in Health Science
The study of adverse health effects due to drug reactions, drug overdose, substance abuse, and environmental toxins.
Procedural Law
in Law & Order
The study of rules guiding the due process how a court functions to enforce rights or provide redress of wrongs. Also called adjective law.
Bioinformatics
in Biology
The multidisciplinary study of applying mathematical methods to analyze and interpret biological data.
Economic Geography
in Economics
The study of how economic conditions affect the production and utilization of raw materials and their manufacture into finished products.
Scientific History
in History
The study of the development of science and scientific knowledge.
Educational Psychology
in Psychology
The study of the learning and creative processes, the psychological problems associated with the teaching and training of students, their individual differences in intelligence and cognitive development, and the motivational forces that influence dynamics between students and teachers.
Linguistic Typology
in Language & Literature
The study of language similarities based on the structure of words, order of words, and sound patterns.
Environmental Economics
in Economics
The study of how profitable economic policies affect planetary resources, such as air and water quality, rare-earth substances, waste recycling, and global warming
Philosophy of Language
in Philosophy
The study of the relationship between language and reality, the nature of meaning, intentionality, reference, the constitution of sentences, concepts, learning, and thought.
Geodesy
in Earth Science
The study of the geometric shape, orientation in space, gravity field, tides, and the crustal and polar motions of planets and their property changes over time.
Astrophysics
in Space Science
The study of the properties, structure, and nature of heavenly bodies, which include planets, the stars, galaxies, the interstellar medium, and the cosmic microwave background.
Psychiatry
in Health Science
The study of diagnosing, treating, and preventing mental disorders.
Fault-Tolerant Computing
in Computer Science
The study of teaching a computer to continue working despite a hardware or software failure.
Monetary Economics
in Economics
The study of monetary systems, the regulation of money, its associated financial institutions and its functions as a medium of exchange, a store of value, a unit of account, and acceptance and convenience as a public good.
Grammar
in Language & Literature
The study of language rules, sentence construction, word combination, interpretation and phonetics in a given language.
Intellectual History
in History
The study of the ideas that shaped human intellect and cultures, and the people who originated them.
Drawing
in Visual Arts
The study of producing images on a surface, by means of marks, usually of ink, graphite, chalk, charcoal, or crayon.
Agro Chemistry
in Chemistry
The study of the chemical compositions and chemical changes involved in the production, use, and protection of crops and livestock.
Solid Mechanics
in Physics
The study of the properties and behaviour of solid materials and structures under temperature changes, phase changes, motion, stress, deformation, and failure.
Combat Sport
in Performing Arts
The study of competitive sports that involve one-on-one combat, which goal often is to disable the opponent.
Catalysis
in Chemical Engineering
The study of the increase in the rate of a chemical reaction due to the participation of an additional substance called a catalyst.
Crystallography
in Materials Science
The study of the diffraction of X-rays by crystals acting as optical gratings, which is the technology used to determine the internal structures and bonding arrangements of minerals and molecules.
Historical Sociology
in Sociology
The study of the complex social processes that through history shape institutions and organizations, which in time influence the development of societies, resulting in phenomena ranging from gender bias and income inequality to war.
Speleology
in Earth Science
The study of caves and cave systems, their features, structures, physical properties, history, the processes by which they form and change over time, the rates of formation of stalagmites and stalactites, and the influence on them of groundwater and hydrologic conditions.
Glaciology
in Earth Science
The study of planetary ice formation over large areas, its accumulation and interaction with climate, the structure and properties of glacier ice, its formation and distribution, and the dynamics of ice flow.
Entomology
in Biology
The study of Insects. Branch studies include Melittology or Apiology - study of bees. Arachnology - study of spiders and other arachnids. Myrmecology - study of ants.
Image Processing
in Computer Science
The study of transforming imagery into computer language.
Cultural Psychology
in Psychology
The study of how culture shapes people’s mentality and how their mentality in turn shapes culture.
Atomic, Molecular, & Optical Physics [AMO]
in Physics
The study of matter-matter and light-matter interactions at the scale of one or a few atoms, and at the energy scales of about several electron volts. In Atomic Physics - The study of the structure, energy state, and the interaction of an atom with other particles and with electric and magnetic fields. In Molecular Physics - The study of the physical properties of molecules. In Optical Physics - The study of the generation, properties, and the interaction of electromagnetic radiation with matter.
Microbiology
in Biology
The study of microscopic organisms, such as bacteria, viruses, archaea, fungi and protozoa.
Automated Reasoning
in Computer Science
The study of providing an algorithmic description of a problem so to implement it on a computer to prove its theorems in an efficient manner.
Acting
in Performing Arts
The study of storytelling by means of enactment by a person who adopts a character in theatre, television, film, or radio.
Digital Sociology
in Sociology
The study of how various technologies contribute to patterns of human behavior and social relationships.
Comparative Psychology
in Psychology
The study of the similarities and differences in behavioral organization between living things, from bacteria to plants, especially as they compare to the development of human behavior.
Animal Law
in Law & Order
The study of rules protecting nonhuman animals, usually due their capacity to experience physical or emotional pain or pleasure.
Philosophy of Chemistry
in Philosophy
The study of unresolved matters and principles in the field of Chemistry, such as the issues of symmetry and chirality in nature.
Metaphysics
in Philosophy
The study of what happens beyond physics, what some consider the real nature of things.
Political Geography
in Geography
The study of how the topography, demography, and natural resources of a region influences its political conduct, elections, and international relationships.
Transportation Engineering
in Civil Engineering
The study of transportation designs for the safe, efficient, fast, convenient, economical, and environmentally compatible movement of people and goods.
Electronic sport
in Performing Arts
The study of competitive sports or games that involve the use of electronic devices.
Ice sport
in Performing Arts
The study of competitive games carried out on icy or slippery surfaces.
Phonetics
in Language & Literature
The study of the sounds of human speech, or in the case of sign language—the equivalent aspects of sign.
Probability Theory
in Pure Mathematics
The study of random phenomena.
Infrared Astronomy
in Space Science
The study of the infrared radiation emitted by planets, stars, nebulae, galaxies, and other astronomical bodies, whose light of optical wavelengths do not reach Earth due to dust particles in outa space.
Xenobiology
in Biology
The study of all aspects of alien lifeforms, intelligence, and civilization; not yet familiar in nature.
English Literature
in Language & Literature
The study of written or oral arts produced globally in English language.
Textile Design
in Visual Arts
The study of creating print designs for fabrics, which include clothing, carpets, drapes, towels, and rugs.
Cognitive Psychology
in Psychology
The study of mental processes such as attention, use of language, memory, perception, problem solving, creativity, and thinking, particularly as it affects learning and behavior.
Nephrology
in Health Science
The study of kidney functions and the treatment of kidney diseases.
Discourse Analysis
in Language & Literature
The study of the socio-psychological characteristics of a person in their use of written, vocal, or sign language.
Combinatorics
in Pure Mathematics
The study of the problems of selection, arrangement, and operation within a finite or discrete system, such as determining the number of possible configurations in graphs, designs, or arrays. Also called combinatorial mathematics.
Hydrogeology
in Earth Science
The study of the formation and movement of water, above and below ground, in soil and rock.
Behavioral Geography
in Geography
The study of how environments influence human behavior.
Systems Ecology
in Systems Science
The interdisciplinary study of the computational and mathematical modeling of complex ecological systems.
Educational Sociology
in Sociology
The study of how schooling systems influenced by modern industrial societies and individual experiences affect human education outcomes.
Anarchism
in Philosophy
The study of the doctrines centered on the belief that government is both harmful and unnecessary.
Fluid Mechanics
in Mechanical Engineering
The study of liquids, gases, and plasmas in both a state of rest and the effect of forces on them while in motion.
Chinese History
in History
Study of Chinese civilization.
Primatology
in Biology
The multidisciplinary study of the behavior, evolution, and taxonomy of nonhuman primates
Heat Transfer
in Mechanical Engineering
The study of the generation, use, conversion, conduction, convection, radiation, and exchange of thermal energy between physical systems.
Particle Physics
in Physics
The study of the smallest detectable particles that constitute matter and radiation, such as the Higgs boson and gravity, and the fundamental interactions necessary to explain their behavior. Also called High Energy Physics.
Philosophy of Religion
in Philosophy
The study of unresolved matters and principles in the field of Religion, such as the imaginary objects of religious attitudes, the foundations of morality, the interplay between science and religion, and the varying definitions of God per faith.
Psychophysics
in Psychology
The study of the relationship between physical stimuli and the sensations and perceptions they produce.
Human Computer Interaction
in Computer Science
The study of how people use computer technology, and the interfaces they need.
Geriatrics
in Health Science
The study of diseases and conditions affecting elderly people.
Broadcasting
in Performing Arts
The study of distributing audio or video content to an audience through a mass communication medium or network.
Histopathology
in Biology
Also called Cellular Pathology. The study of tissues (histology) and cells (cytology), usually in autopsies.
Green Economics
in Economics
The study of finding political economic solutions that offer sustainable development without degrading the ecological and social environment.
Common Law
in Law & Order
The study of rules derived from historic judicial decisions of courts and similar tribunals, to pass judgment in a present unresolvable case.
Accompaniment
in Performing Arts
The study of the musical parts, often played by instrumentalists, which provide the rhythmic or harmonic support for the vocal or instrumental melody, or the main theme of a song or instrumental piece.
Gymnastics
in Performing Arts
The study of competitive games that combine the display of physical agility and coordination in an art form.
Oenology
in Chemistry
The study of wine and winemaking.
Psychology of Religion
in Psychology
The study of the origins of religion in individual lives, the consequences of religious attitudes and conduct, and the diverse contents of religious traditions and contents, experiences and expressions.
Economic History
in History
The study of past economies, economic phenomena, situations and institutions.
Game design
in Visual Arts
The study of applying aesthetics to a board game, card game, dice game, casino game, sport, video game, or a simulation for better entertainment, engagement, or educational purpose, to improve visual interaction among its participants and spectators.
Mercantile Law
in Law & Order
The study of rules that originated mostly in the medieval period governing commercial matters or business dealings between persons, which includes agreements, contracts, copyrights, franchising, insurance, licensing, patents, shipping and transport, trademarks, etc.
Structural Mechanics
in Civil Engineering
The study of evaluating the deformations, deflections, and the internal forces or stress equivalents of new or old constructions, to determine their structural loads, geometric representation, and support conditions.
Tectonics
in Earth Science
The study of planetary crusts, how they form, their gradual upward and downward movements that form mountains, and their sudden horizontal displacements that cause earthquakes.
Surgery
in Health Science
The study of treating injuries, diseases and other disorders by operative manual and instrumental means.
Comparative Politics
in Political Science
The study of the similarities and differences of the domestic politics, the political institutions, and the conflicts of countries.
Film Criticism
in Performing Arts
The study of the analysis and evaluation of film based on film theory.
Rheumatology
in Health Science
The study of diseases affecting bone joints and connective tissues.
Modern History
in History
The study of human civilization in the recent times influenced by the age of science and industrialization.
Metaphilosophy
in Philosophy
The study of the aims and boundaries of philosophy, and what instigates a topic as being philosophical.
Petrochemistry
in Chemistry
The study of the transformation of crude oil (petroleum) and natural gas into useful products or raw materials.
Urban planning
in Visual Arts
The study of architectural design and infrastructural development of urban areas.
Sleep Medicine
in Health Science
The study of sleep disturbances and disorders.
Political Economy
in Economics
The study of the interrelations between the production and trade of goods and services with law, customs, and government, and the distribution of national income and wealth.
Optometry
in Health Science
The study of the eyes for visual defects and abnormalities.
Chemical Biology
in Chemistry
The interdisciplinary study of the application of chemical techniques, tools, and analysis to the study and manipulation of biological systems.
Semiotics
in Language & Literature
The study of signs and symbols as elements of communication.
Computer Vision
in Computer Science
The interdisciplinary study of creating algorithms to mimic the human visual system.
Information Architecture
in Visual Arts
The study of organizing and labelling websites, intranets, online communities and software through design and architecture, to improve usability and hasten search results.
Islamic Literature
in Language & Literature
The study of the study of literature written from the Islamic perspective in any language.
Petrology
in Earth Science
The study of the composition, texture, and structure of rocks; and the conditions under which they form.
Aerospace Engineering
in Mechanical Engineering
The study of the design, development, construction, testing, and operation of vehicles operating in the Earth’s atmosphere or in outer space. Also called aeronautical engineering and astronautical engineering.
Teratology
in Biology
The study of congenital abnormalities of physiological development.
Instructional Design
in Civil Engineering
The study of identifying the performance levels, skills, knowledge, information, and attitude gaps of a targeted audience in the effort to create instructional experiences that make the acquisition of knowledge and skill more efficient, effective, and appealing.
Conservation Psychology
in Psychology
The study of the relationships between humans and nature, with focus on encouraging conservation of the natural world.
Biblical Hebrew
in Theology
The study of an antiquated form of Hebrew language spoken by the Israelites. Also called Classical Hebrew.
Moral Psychology
in Philosophy
The study of how humans develop a moral sense or the capacity for forming judgments about what is morally right or wrong, good or bad.
Multimedia
in Computer Science
The study of combining text, audio, images, animations, videos, and interactive content into a computer presentation. Also Hypermedia; study of combining various multimedia hosted on different networks.
Planetology
in Space Science
The interdisciplinary study of the size, composition, dynamics, formation, interrelations, history, and the processes that form planetary bodies and systems, from micrometeoroids to gas giants.
Literary Criticism
in Language & Literature
The study of literary works by way of criticism.
Mineralogy
in Earth Science
The study of the physical properties, chemical composition, and the internal crystal structure of minerals, their utilization, classification, occurrence and distribution in nature, and their physicochemical conditions of formation.
Sonochemistry
in Chemistry
The study of sound waves propagating through a liquid at ultrasonic frequencies to form acoustic cavitation, resulting in the initiation or enhancement of the chemical activity in the solution.
Economic Systems
in Economics
The study of the efficient production, resource allocation, and distribution of goods and services within a society or a given geographic area.
Philosophy of Physics
in Philosophy
The study of unresolved matters and principles in the field of Physics, such as the interpretations of quantum mechanics, and the nature of space and time.
African History
in History
The study of African civilization.
Growth Economics
in Economics
The study of economies to understand how the production of goods and services increases over time.
Indonesian History
in History
The study of Indonesian civilization.
Hydraulic Engineering
in Civil Engineering
The study of diverting or removing water and sewage from roadways and buildings.
Operating Systems
in Computer Science
The study of creating software that computing machines and hardware devices depend on for functionality, on which other secondary software or programs may hinge for operations. Popular Operating Systems include Windows, Mac, Blackberry, Ubuntu, and Android.
Zoosemiotics
in Biology
The study of the sounds and signals used in animal communication.
Photonics
in Materials Science
The study of the generation, detection, and manipulation of light, through emission, transmission, modulation, signal processing, switching, amplification, and sensing.
Uv Astronomy
in Space Science
The study of extra solar and extra-galactic astronomy using ultraviolet wavelengths between approximately 10 and 320 nanometres, not visible to the human eye, which wavelength is absorbed by the Earth's atmosphere, so observations must happen from the upper atmosphere or from outa space.
Animation
in Performing Arts
The study of manipulating objects, paper cutouts, puppets, clay figures, paintings and drawings, through sequential timings, to tell a story or to communicate messages.
Musical Composition
in Performing Arts
The study of the procedures and requirements involved in the making, conceiving, or creation of music.
Atmospheric Chemistry
in Chemistry
The multidisciplinary study of the atmospheres of planets.
Pedology
in Earth Science
The study of the description and mapping of soil units, the origin and formation of soil; the role of organisms in soil production and their relation to soil character.
Internet
in Computer Science
The study of building a large network from lots of other smaller networks. Ways of accessing the internet include www or http, email, and instant messaging.
Chamber Music
in Performing Arts
The study of classical music composed for a small group of instruments, in contrast to orchestral music.
Polymer Engineering
in Chemical Engineering
The study of the design, analyses and modification of the structure, property relations, and the applications of polymer materials.
Neuroscience
in Biology
The multidisciplinary study of the nervous system. Also called Neurobiology.
History of the Church
in Theology
The study of the Christian religion, from its inception with the birth of Jesus Christ, to its administration by the Catholic Church, to the spread of Eastern Orthodox Christianity to all of Europe through countless battles, and the rise of its various other Christian denominations worldwide.
Public Economics
in Economics
The study of government participation and interference in economic markets.
Behavioral Economics
in Economics
The study of the psychological, social, and emotional factors and mechanisms that drive public and market prices.
Primary Care
in Health Science
The study of initial care or first aid before professional treatment.
Graph Theory
in Pure Mathematics
The study of networks of points connected by lines, or structures used to model pairwise relations between objects.
Urban Geography
in Geography
The study of the location, governance, living experience and behavioral interaction of people in cities or large density areas.
Cell Biology
in Biology
The study of cells.
Administrative Law
in Law & Order
The study of rules that govern the activities, duties and functions of public authorities in the administrative agencies of a government.
Media Psychology
in Psychology
The study of human interaction and behavior in the use of media, communication media, and technology.
Functional Analysis
in Pure Mathematics
The study of the functions of functions, or of the spaces of functions and the formulation of properties of transformations of functions.
Mixed Media
in Visual Arts
The study of employing different mediums laid on different layers to accomplish a single painted or photographed artwork, often appearing in 3D.
Radiochemistry
in Chemistry
The study of radioactive substances and phenomena.
Traffic Psychology
in Psychology
The study of the otherwise planned, impulsive, emotional, or habitual behavior of road users, to develop and apply accident countermeasures, to improve traffic mobility.
Endocrinology
in Biology
The study of hormones. Hormones control our temperature, sleep, mood, stress, growth and more.
Mathematical Sociology
in Sociology
The study of expressing sociological theories in formal terms using mathematical models for increased clarity.
History of Islam
in Theology
The study of the origin of Islam and the political, social, and economic developments of the Islamic civilization.
Motor sport
in Performing Arts
The study of competitive games involving the use of motorized vehicles.
Biotechnology
in Biology
The study of using biological systems or living organisms to make, modify, or develop technological products and processes.
Theoretical Physics
in Physics
The study of rationalizing, explaining, and predicting the fundamental nature of the universe through employing mathematical models and abstractions of physical objects and systems.
Number Theory
in Pure Mathematics
The study of the properties of the positive integers (1, 2, 3 …) sometimes called higher arithmetic.
Water sport
in Performing Arts
The study of competitive activities carried out on bodies of water.
Decorative Arts
in Visual Arts
The study of designing or creating objects, arts, or crafts that are firstly, functional, and secondly, beautiful.
Edaphology
in Earth Science
The study of the composition of soil, which includes its overall volume, volume of mineral matter, organic matter, soil water, and soil air, also the influence of its varying voluminous quantities on plant and animal life.
Microeconomics
in Economics
The study of how consumers interact with companies or firms to establish relative prices among goods and services, and how they make decisions to accommodate the other, given the scarce resources within their allocations.
Mechatronics
in Electrical Engineering
The multidisciplinary study of mechanics and electronics to create robotic systems.
Sociology of Religion
in Sociology
The study of using surveys, polls, demographic and census analysis, participant observation, interviews, and analysis of archival, historical and documentary materials in the comparison of beliefs, practices, and organizational forms among various religions.
Recreational Therapy
in Health Science
The study of using recreational activities such as music, dance, drama, sports, adventure and leisure to promote psychological and physical health.
Filmmaking
in Performing Arts
The study of the various stages involved in the making of a film, which include an initial story, screenwriting, casting, shooting, sound recording, editing, screening the finished product before an audience, the film release, exhibition, and reproduction.
Eastern Philosophy
in Philosophy
The study of the truths and principles of fundamental human matters as interpreted from an Asian perspective, which includes Chinese, Indian, Buddhist, Korean, and Japanese philosophy.
System Dynamics
in Systems Science
The study of the behavior of complex systems, to create new techniques or mathematical models that improve policy analysis and design, and industrial processes.
Film Theory
in Performing Arts
The study of the emotional and mental effects of film on the audience.
Radio Astronomy
in Space Science
The study of celestial bodies by examination of the radio-frequency energy they emit or reflect, which penetrates much of the gas and dust fields in outa space to give a much clearer picture than is possible by means of optical observation.
Military Sociology
in Sociology
The study of the military as a social group, of military personnel having coerced collective actions based on shared interests linked to survival in vocation and combat, and of civil-military relations.
Ceramic Engineering
in Materials Science
The study of creating objects from ceramics, which are inorganic and non-metallic materials resistant to heat.
Marine Chemistry
in Chemistry
The study of the organic compounds of marine environments, including the influences of their different variables, and the chemical ecology of extremophiles. Also called Ocean Chemistry.
Algebraic Computation
in Computer Science
The study of algorithms and computer software for manipulating mathematical objects and expressions, which contain variables that have no given value and are manipulated as symbols.
Arabic Literature
in Language & Literature
The study of literature and poetry produced in the Arabic language.
Animal Rights
in Philosophy
The study of attributing moral or legal entitlements to nonhuman animals because of their capacity to experience physical or emotional pain or pleasure.
Landscape Architecture
in Visual Arts
The study of enhancing or rearranging the environment of a building, a town, a city, or other planned green outdoor spaces to achieve a healthier and more aesthetically pleasing environment for the users.
World History
in History
The study of similar and strong divergent outlines across all human cultures.
Animal Communications
in Biology
The study of the transfer of information between animals.
Social Choice Theory
in Economics
The study of society’s collective behavior based on individual actions explained through the rationality that people make consistent economic decisions or choices according to their personal opinions, preferences, interests, or welfares.
Green Chemistry
in Chemistry
The study of redesigning the yield-efficiency of chemicals, and using technological approaches to preventing environmental pollution and reducing consumption of nonrenewable resources. Also called Sustainable Chemistry.
African-American Literature
in Language & Literature
The study of written or oral arts by Americans of African descent, often about African-American culture, racism, slavery, social equality, gospel music, and the role of African Americans within the larger American society.
Criminal Psychology
in Psychology
The study of the motivations, thoughts, intentions, and reactions of those found in breach of the law.
Philosophy of Artificial Intelligence
in Philosophy
Theoretical study of the term ‘intelligence’ in the context of ‘machines’ to determine if a machine can become intelligent to have a mind or develop a consciousness equal to a human being.
Biological Psychology
in Psychology
The study of the physiological bases of behavior or the relationship between psychological processes and the underlying physiological events. Also called Physiological Psychology or Behavioral Neuroscience.
Music Theory
in Performing Arts
The study of the principles and processes that both define and constitute music.
Enterprise Systems Engineering
in Systems Science
The study of designing an enterprise system, or a complex, socio-technical system that comprises interdependent resources of people, information, and technology that must interact to fulfill a common mission.
Bio-engineering
in Chemical Engineering
The multidisciplinary study of applying engineering principles of design and analysis to biological systems for biomedical technologies.
Dynamical Systems
in Pure Mathematics
The study of systems in which a function describes the time dependence of a point in a geometrical space, such as mathematical models that describe the swinging of a clock pendulum, the flow of water in a pipe, and the number of fish each springtime in a lake.
Planktology
in Biology
The study of plankton, various small drifting plants, animals, and microorganisms that inhabit bodies of water.
Intuitionistic Logic
in Pure Mathematics
The study of the systems of symbolic logic, as they differ from the systems used for classical logic. Also called Constructive Logic.
Transport Economics
in Economics
The study of transportation availability and pricing for both passengers and freight, and why governments regulate and deregulate various transportation systems.
Neurochemistry
in Chemistry
The study of neurochemicals, including neurotransmitters and other molecules such as psychopharmaceuticals and neuropeptides, that influence the function of neurons.
Child Psychopathology
in Psychology
The study of mental disorders in children and adolescents.
Children's Geographies
in Geography
The study of the most suiting places and spaces for rearing children.
Internal Medicine
in Health Science
The study of preventing, diagnosing, and treating adult diseases.
Oceanography
in Earth Science
The multidisciplinary study of oceans and seas, their origin, ecosystem dynamics, ocean currents, waves, plate tectonics, the geology of the sea floor, their physical, chemical, and biological aspects, and the life forms that inhabit them.
Database
in Computer Science
The study of collecting, storing and organizing large amounts of information for rapid search and retrieval.
Quantum Chemistry
in Chemistry
The study of the application of nature at the smallest scales of energy levels of atoms and subatomic particles to the study of molecules. Also called Molecular Quantum Mechanics.
Social Capital
in Sociology
The study of social networks or interconnected networks of relationships between individuals and groups, behaving as family, friends, neighbors, business partners, and parents of same-age children, gaining levels of trust among each other to secure benefits and invent solutions to problems.
Comparative Literature
in Language & Literature
The study of how culture and language influences written or oral works of art.
Social Psychology
in Psychology
The study of how humans think, feel, and behave in social situations, or their behaviors influenced by the actual, imagined, or implied presence of others.
Differential Psychology
in Psychology
The study of how individuals differ in their behavior and the processes that motivate it.
Set Theory
in Pure Mathematics
The study of the properties of sets or well-defined collections of objects, which may or may not be of a mathematical nature, such as numbers or functions, for the definition of complex and sophisticated mathematical concepts.
Systems Biology
in Systems Science
The interdisciplinary study of the computational and mathematical modeling of complex biological systems.
Geo-technical Engineering
in Civil Engineering
The study of possible earthquakes, landslides, sinkholes, soil liquefaction, debris flows, rock falls, fault distribution, and bedrock properties on and below ground to determine their effects on a construction site.
Pharmaceutical Sciences
in Health Science
The interdisciplinary study of the discovery, design and dispersion of new drugs.
Morphology
in Language & Literature
The study of word elements, and how they change pronunciation and meaning in context.
Evolutionary Psychology
in Psychology
The study of the developmental process of human and animal behavior, thoughts, and feelings, in concurrence with evolutionary biology.
VLSI Design
in Computer Science
The study of combining a CPU, ROM, RAM, or thousands of transistors into a single chip to create an integrated circuit. Very-large-scale integration.
Table sport
in Performing Arts
The study of competitive games played on tabletops, usually board games.
Semiconductors
in Electrical Engineering
The study of materials that behave in uncommon ways to regulate the flow of electricity.
Quantum Mechanics
in Physics
The study of matter and light on the atomic and subatomic scale.
Fashion Design
in Visual Arts
The study of applying strategy and beauty to clothing and other body accessories.
Family Law
in Law & Order
The study of rules governing family relationships, including marriage and divorce, the treatment of children, and related economic matters.
Pediatrics
in Health Science
The study of childhood diseases.
Biological Anthropology
in Anthropology
The study of our biological and behavioral aspects, and of our related non-human primates and extinct hominid ancestors. Also called Physical Anthropology.
Abnormal Psychology
in Psychology
The study of mental disorders and unusual patterns of behaviors, emotions, and thoughts, which may or may not be understood as causing a mental disorder. Also called Psychopathology.
Comparative Law
in Law & Order
The study of differences and similarities between the laws of different countries.
Leisure
in Hospitality
The study of providing services or amenities for recreation, relaxation, amusement, enjoyment, pleasure, or fun.
K-Theory
in Pure Mathematics
The study of a ring generated by vector bundles over a topological space or scheme, or study of certain kinds of invariants of large matrices.
Music Therapy
in Health Science
The study of improving body movement, social skills, cognition, speech, language and mental health, through song, dance, and listening to music.
Computer-Aided Engineering
in Computer Science
The study of using computers in the manufacture, design, and control of goods.
Post-Colonial Literature
in Language & Literature
The study of the literature of countries colonized mainly by European countries.
Acoustical Engineering
in Mechanical Engineering
The study of the design, analysis and control of sound and vibrations and their application in technology.
Oncology
in Health Science
The study of cancer.
Proof Theory
in Pure Mathematics
The study of representing inferred mathematical statements as formal mathematical objects, facilitating their analysis by mathematical techniques.
Musical Theatre
in Performing Arts
The study of combining song, spoken dialogue, acting, and dance to deliver emotional stories of humor, sorrow, love, and anger as a means of entertainment.
Indian History
in History
The study of civilization on the Indian subcontinent.
Quantum Computing
in Computer Science
The study of building computers using the Quantum-mechanical Phenomena. A regular computer processes data in binary digits or bits, always written as either 0 or 1. A quantum computer processes data in quantum bits or qubits, which can be 0 and 1 simultaneously, speeding up computations.
Paleontology
in Earth Science
The study of ancient plant and animal life forms preserved in rocks, the analysis of fossils, their shape and structure, evolutionary patterns, taxonomic relationships with each other and with modern living species, geographic distribution, and interrelationships with the environment.
Extreme sport
in Performing Arts
The study of activities perceived as involving a high level of physical exertion and a high degree of risk, often accomplished by a lone contestant using highly specialized gear.
Socioeconomics
in Economics
The study of the social processes that influence the progress, stagnation, or regression of economic activities.
Accommodation
in Hospitality
The study of providing housing and lodging for residential and commercial purposes.
Etymology
in Language & Literature
The study of the origin of words, their adoption into other languages, and their evolution in meaning across languages.
Judaic Studies
in Theology
The study of Jews and Judaism.
Nanoengineering
in Mechanical Engineering
The study of engineering at the nanoscopic scale or nanoscale, which is a billionth of a meter, to build structures 1–100 nanometers large.
Physical Metallurgy
in Materials Science
The study of the mechanical, magnetic, electrical, and thermal properties of metals.
Health Informatics
in Health Science
The multidisciplinary study of providing health information.
Civics
in Political Science
The study of the rights and duties of citizens in the operation and oversight of government.
Ophthalmology
in Health Science
The study of diseases and disorders of the eye.
Cultural Geography
in Geography
The study of the origins of cultures and their influx across boundaries.
Air sport
in Performing Arts
The study of competitive activities or games that require the use of flight or aerospace.
Comparative Sociology
in Sociology
The study of highlighting the similarities or variances in social processes across different cultures or nation states.
Universal Algebra
in Pure Mathematics
The study of algebraic structures themselves rather than the models of the structures.
Contract Law
in Law & Order
The study of rules of a promise made between two or more parties, enforceable by law.
Immunochemistry
in Chemistry
The study of the molecular mechanisms underlying the function of the immune system, especially the nature of antibodies, antigens and their interactions.
Live Action
in Performing Arts
The study of using real people or animals in the production of movies, videogames, or similar cinematography or videography content, a term used mostly in contrast to animation or images drawn or produced by computer.
Geomorphology
in Earth Science
The study of landscapes to understand the physical, chemical or biological processes that created them.
Marine Engineering
in Mechanical Engineering
The study of the design, development, operation and maintenance of watercraft propulsion systems, boats, ships, submarines, oilrigs, and any other marine vessel or structure.
Pharmacology
in Chemistry
The study of the origin, nature, chemistry, effects, and uses of drugs, where a drug can be broadly defined as any manufactured, natural, or endogenous (from within body) molecule that exerts a biochemical or physiological effect on the cell, tissue, organ, or organism.
Helminthology
in Biology
The study of parasitic worms. Also, Helminthiasis - The medical condition of being infected with helminths.
Real Estate Economics
in Economics
The study of housing prices, supply, and demand of real estate markets, and the influence of business and social structures on the industry.
Psychoanalysis
in Psychology
The study of the unconscious mind, to generate theories and therapeutic techniques for the treatment of mental-health disorders.
X-Ray Astronomy
in Space Science
The study of extra solar and extra-galactic astronomy using X-rays, which wavelength is absorbed by the Earth's atmosphere, so observations must happen from the upper atmosphere or from outa space.
Sculpture
in Visual Arts
The study of creating freestanding or surface three-dimensional images from a wide variety of hard substances, including plastics, woods, glass, and stones.
Optics
in Physics
The study of the behaviour and properties of light, the changes it both undergoes and produces, its interactions with matter, and the construction of instruments that use or detect it.
Condensed Matter Physics
in Physics
The study of the use of quantum mechanics, electromagnetism, and statistical mechanics to understand the behavior of the physical properties of condensed phases of matter.
Network Science
in Systems Science
The study of complex networks to create better networks, such as telecommunication networks, computer networks, biological networks, cognitive and semantic networks, and social networks.
Control Systems Engineering
in Electrical Engineering
The study of using sensors and detectors to measure the movements of a mechanical system to apply real-time corrective measures.
Surface Chemistry
in Chemistry
The study of how molecules and atoms interact with surfaces and with each other while on surfaces.
Poetry
in Language & Literature
The study of the rhythmic qualities of language.
Psycholinguistics
in Language & Literature
The study of how the brain processes language.
Directing
in Performing Arts
The study of evolving a performance composed or assembled by an author into film or theatre.
Data Mining
in Computer Science
The study of finding consistencies, inconsistencies, patterns, and correlations within humongous dumps of information to predict outcomes.
Social Anthropology
in Anthropology
The study of how we reason within our cultures and societies, and how they affect our relationships.
Mathematical Physics
in Physics
The study of the application of mathematical methods to create tools and techniques of particular use to physicists and engineers.
Dharmic Religions
in Theology
The study of Indian religions, namely Hinduism, Jainism, Buddhism, and Sikhism.
Surveying
in Civil Engineering
The study of making relatively large-scale and accurate measurements of the Earth’s surfaces to map boundaries.
Natural Resource Sociology
in Sociology
The study of how the management or mismanagement of natural resources such as land, water, soil, plants and animals affects the quality of human life.
Agroecology
in Biology
The study of creating ecological processes applied to agricultural production systems.
Acoustics
in Physics
The study of the radiation of mechanical vibrations through mechanical waves in gases, liquids, and solids, to produce, control, transmit, and receive the effects of sound.
Sedimentology
in Earth Science
The study of materials transported by water, wind, or glaciers, such as sand, silt, and clay, deposited at the bottom of waterbeds, which turn into rocks.
Natural Resource Economics
in Economics
The study of the supply, demand, allocation, use, and regulation of the Earth's natural resources.
Operations Research
in Systems Science
The study of methods to make better decisions in the management and administration of organized military, governmental, commercial, and industrial processes.
Cardiology
in Health Science
The study of diseases and abnormalities involving the heart and blood vessels.
Aristotelianism
in Philosophy
The study of the philosophy of Aristotle and later philosophical movements based on his thought.
International Economics
in Economics
The study of how the culture or economic activity of a region influences another region in terms of productive resources and consumer preferences.
Podiatry
in Health Science
Study and surgical treatment of foot disorders.
Computational Physics
in Physics
Study and implementation of algorithms to solve problems in physics for which a quantitative theory already exists.
Philosophy of Law
in Philosophy
Theoretical study of legal reasoning, legal systems, legal institutions, and their relation to human values. Also called Jurisprudence.
Computational Chemistry
in Chemistry
The study of using computer simulation to calculate the structures and properties of molecules and solids in solving theoretical chemical problems.
Analytical Sociology
in Sociology
The study of understanding and explaining various social practices, patterns of segregation, network structures, typical beliefs, and common ways of acting.
Data Structures
in Computer Science
The study of organizing and storing computer data for easier access and modification.
British Literature
in Language & Literature
The study of written or oral arts produced in the English language in the United Kingdom, Isle of Man, and Channel Islands.
Reaction Engineering
in Chemical Engineering
The study of catalytic reaction systems or chemical reactors to attain the highest efficiency output of chemical reactions.
Photography
in Visual Arts
The study of capturing images of sceneries or events on an electronic medium for either communication, preservation, or presentation purposes.
Tort Law
in Law & Order
The study of rules authorizing compensation for damages done arising from the action or inaction of one person, resulting in the distress or harm of another person.
Industrial-Organizational Psychology
in Psychology
The study of applying psychological theories and principles to human behavior in the workplace to improve performance, motivation, job satisfaction, occupational safety, and health.
Philosophy of Education
in Philosophy
The study of the nature, aims, definitions, goals, problems of education, and the methods used in education by teachers, administrators or policymakers.
Non-Fiction
in Language & Literature
The study of storytelling based on strict fact or history.
Medical Psychology
in Psychology
The study of administering drugs and psychological principles to the treatment of mental illness and emotional, cognitive, behavioral and substance use disorders.
Natural Language Processing
in Computer Science
The study of teaching computers to communicate with humans through the processing, recognition, understanding, and generation of audible speech.
Industrial Engineering
in Mechanical Engineering
The study of optimizing time, money, materials, person-hours, machine time, energy and other resources to improve quality and productivity in industrial production enterprises.
Cultural Sociology
in Sociology
The study of a people's way of thinking and acting, and the material objects that together shape their paradigm.
Historical Linguistics
in Language & Literature
The study of how the phonetics, sentence construction and semantics of languages change over time
Philosophy of Music
in Philosophy
Theoretical study of the definition of music, what classifies it, its relationship with the mind, with language, and its connection to emotions.
Digital Humanities
in Computer Science
The study of using computers to analyze humanity’s values, cultures, languages, literatures, arts, histories, philosophies, and the unique human ability to express itself, in the effort to tackling the economic, demographic, financial, and technological challenges affecting higher human education, interaction and collaboration.
Aerobiology
in Biology
The study of airborne microorganisms, such as pollen grains, spores, very small insects, and viruses.
Public Relations
in Performing Arts
The study of communication relations between an entity seeking public attention and the various publics interested in it.
Mining Engineering
in Civil Engineering
The interdisciplinary study of the exploration, discovery, and extraction of minerals from the earth.
Biochemistry
in Chemistry
The study of the chemical substances and processes that occur in plants, animals, and microorganisms, and of the changes they undergo during development and life.
Canon Law
in Law & Order
The study of rules governing a Christian organization or a church and its members.
Interior Design
in Visual Arts
The study of fabricating or enhancing the interiors of a space or building to achieve a healthier and more aesthetically pleasing environment for the user.
Molecular Biology
in Biology
The study of the composition, structure and interactions of cellular molecules, such as nucleic acids and proteins that carry out the biological processes essential for cell functions and maintenance.
Mechanochemistry
in Chemistry
The study of the coupling of mechanical and chemical phenomena on a molecular scale to access mechanical breakage, chemical behaviour of mechanically stressed solids, tribology, polymer degradation under shear, and cavitation-related phenomena.
Criminal Procedure
in Law & Order
The study of the process through which government enforces criminal law.
Computational Economics
in Economics
The study of using computer-based economic modeling to find solutions to economic problems.
Russian History
in History
The study of Russian civilization.
Religious Studies
in Theology
The study of religious beliefs, behaviors, and institutions from outside any particular religious viewpoint.
Scenography
in Performing Arts
The study of creating performance environments or an atmosphere and mood for a theatrical presentation.
Neuroethology
in Biology
The study of the neural basis of behavior.
Syntax
in Language & Literature
The study of the word order, structure, or formation of sentences in a given language, and the relationship of their component parts.
Journalism
in Performing Arts
The study of the methods of collecting, preparing, and distributing news, information, and reports about ideas, facts, people, and events that impact society.
Gemology
in Earth Science
The study of natural and artificial gemstones and their properties, which include their crystal structure, specific gravity, refractive index and other optical properties.
Ecological Engineering
in Civil Engineering
The study of carrying out building constructions without harming the design, monitoring, and construction of ecosystems.
Finance
in Economics
The study of investments, assets and liabilities dynamics, financial uncertainties and risks assessments, money management, banking, and expected financial investments rates of returns.
Composition Studies
in Language & Literature
The study of professional rhetoric, writing, research, and tutoring.
Peace & Conflict Studies
in Political Science
The study of identifying and analysing violent and nonviolent behaviours and structural mechanisms attending national, international, and social conflicts, with a view towards understanding those processes that lead to more desirable human conditions.
Philosophy of Mathematics
in Philosophy
The study of the methods of interpreting standard mathematical sentences and theories, also, the validation or invalidation of the existence of abstract objects.
Personality Psychology
in Psychology
The study of how human nature differs in groups, influenced by psychological forces.
Stochastic Process
in Pure Mathematics
The study of probability theory, involving the operation of chance or random variables indexed against some other variable or set of variables.
Conducting
in Performing Arts
The study of directing a musical performance, such as an orchestral or choral concert.
Solid-state Chemistry
in Chemistry
The study of the synthesis, structure, and properties of solid phase materials. It focuses on non-molecular solids.
Organometallic Chemistry
in Chemistry
The study of chemical compounds containing at least one chemical bond between a carbon atom of an organic compound and a metal, including alkaline, alkaline earth, transition metal, and other cases.
Cheminformatics
in Chemistry
The interdisciplinary study of storing, indexing, searching, retrieving, and applying information about chemical compounds. Also called Chemical Informatics or Chemo informatics.
Calligraphy
in Visual Arts
The study of creating beautiful handwriting, from functional inscriptions and designs, to fine-art pieces where the letters may or may not be readable.
Supra-molecular Chemistry
in Chemistry
The study of linking molecules into bigger systems.
Artificial Neural Network
in Computer Science
The study of modelling algorithms and computer hardware, to mimic the neuronal structure of the mammalian cerebral cortex or animal brain, in the effort to teach computers to self-learn.
Demonology
in Theology
The study of demons and supernatural phenomena.
Geometry & Topology
in Pure Mathematics
The study of general frameworks that allow the uniform manipulation of the fields of geometry and topology.
Musicology
in Performing Arts
Scientific study of music based on research, which includes music theory, music history, the lives of composers and performers, the development of musical instruments, aesthetics, acoustics, and the physiology of the voice, ear, and hand.
Evolutionary Economics
in Economics
The study of how social changes in reasoning or paradigm shifts influence the employment, production, trade, distribution, and the consumption of goods and services.
User Experience Design
in Visual Arts
The study of enhancing user satisfaction through improving the usability, accessibility, and pleasure provided from interaction with a product.
Australian History
in History
Study of Australian civilization.
Materials Engineering
in Chemical Engineering
The interdisciplinary study of the relationship between the composition and structure of materials and their macroscopic properties at atomic or molecular scales. Hybridizing metallurgy, ceramics, solid-state physics, and chemistry to produce materials not found in nature for advanced and future technologies.
Sociolinguistics
in Language & Literature
The study of how social elements such as age, sex, education, occupation, race, and peer-group identification affect language.
Nematology
in Biology
The study of nematodes, or roundworms.
Food Processing
in Hospitality
The study of producing and preserving marketable food products by physical or chemical means, which the public can easily prepare and consume.
Knowledge Management
in Civil Engineering
The multidisciplinary study of identifying, capturing, evaluating, creating, sharing, using and managing the databases, documents, policies, procedures, expertise and experience of an organization for better worker’s productivity.
Population Geography
in Geography
The study of population growth, congestion, distribution, migration, births, marriages and deaths in a region, and the interplay between population and economic development.
Continuum Mechanics
in Mechanical Engineering
The study of the mechanical behaviour of solids, liquids and gases modelled as a continuous mass rather than as discrete particles that have cracks and discontinuity visible on a microscopic scale.
Botany
in Biology
The study of plants.
Computational Biology
in Biology
The study of applying computational techniques to the study of biological, behavioral, and social systems.
Biblical Greek
in Theology
The study of an archaic form of Greek, which evolved from the spread of Greek in much of the Mediterranean region and the Middle East. Also called Alexandrian Dialect, Common Attic, Hellenistic, and Koine Greek.
Phytochemistry
in Chemistry
The study of chemicals derived from plants. Plants synthesize phytochemicals for many reasons, including to protect themselves against insect attacks and plant diseases.
Human Ecology
in Sociology
The interdisciplinary study of how resources, associated skills, and beliefs, together give rise to a system of social structures and behaviors.
Information Theory
in Electrical Engineering
Mathematical study of processes that quantify, store, and communicate information.
Political Philosophy
in Political Science
The study of such topics as liberty, justice, human rights, what makes a government legitimate, what rights and freedoms it should protect and why, what duties citizens owe to a legitimate government, when a government may be legitimately overthrown, and how to deploy or limit public power so to maintain the survival and enhance the quality of human life.
Neurology
in Health Science
The study of the brain, spinal cord, and nerves.
Environmental Sociology
in Sociology
The study of the social factors that cause environmental problems, such as the increasing pollution of plastic waste, the reversal impacts of those problems on society, and the efforts to solve them.
Jewish Law
in Law & Order
The study of the collective body of Jewish religious laws derived from the Written and Oral Torah. Also called Halakha.
Hematology
in Health Science
The study of the nature, function, and diseases of the blood.
American History
in History
Study of American civilization.
Evolutionary Biology
in Biology
The study of the evolutionary processes that produced the diversity of life on Earth.
Speech-Language Pathology
in Health Science
The study of communication, cognitive-communication, voice, and swallowing disorders.
Early Music
in Performing Arts
The study of Medieval, Renaissance, and Baroque music, written between 500-1700 AD.
Ethology
in Biology
The study of animal behaviour.
Ball Sport
in Performing Arts
The study of competitive games involving hitting, kicking, throwing, deflecting, or catching a ball.
Fuzzy Logic
in Computer Science
The study of generating computation results based on "partial truth" rather than “completely true or completely false “(1 or 0).
Alternative Medicine
in Health Science
The study of medicines, medical practices, health products and therapies biologically plausible but not well tested for harmful and toxic effects.
Painting
in Visual Arts
The study of producing images on a surface, usually by using a combination of brushes, airbrushes, or sponges, with paint, pigment, watercolor, or other colorful medium.
Hydrology
in Earth Science
The study of the chemical and physical properties of water in all its phases, its occurrence, distribution, and circulation on planets, and its interactions with living things.
Substantive Law
in Law & Order
The study of rules governing the rights, responsibilities, and behaviors of members of a society.
Medieval Literature
in Language & Literature
The study of ancient writings, found mostly from 500 - 1500 AD.
Clinical Pathology
in Health Science
Clinical analysis of bodily fluids such as blood and urine in a laboratory.
Taxonomy
in Biology
The study of defining, identifying, naming, and classifying groups of organisms based on shared characteristics. Also called Systematics. Branches include #Linnaean Taxonomy; method of classifying living things, devised by Carl Linnaeus.
Participatory Economics
in Economics
The study of making decisions by being a participant or by being involved directly or having firsthand experience in the matter in question.
Tax Law
in Law & Order
The study of rules authorizing governments or public institutions to claim from taxpayers a part of their income or property.
Astrochemistry
in Chemistry
The interdisciplinary study of the abundance of molecules in the Universe, their reactions, and their interaction with radiation.
Field Sport
in Performing Arts
The study of competitive games carried out in a wide expanse of outdoor space, such as hunting, shooting, fishing.
Optical Engineering
in Mechanical Engineering
The study of the behaviour and properties of light, to create components of optical instruments such as lenses, microscopes, telescopes, lasers, and fiber optic communication components.
Psychoanalytic Sociology
in Sociology
The study of analyzing a society using the same parameters psychologists apply in psychoanalyzing an individual.
Puppetry
in Performing Arts
The study of animating inanimate human or animal figures to present theatrical performances.
Nano Materials
in Materials Science
The study of materials that have unique optical, electronic, or mechanical properties, of which a single unit has a size of between 1 to 1000 nanometres.
Expert Systems
in Computer Science
The study of teaching a computer to have human intellectual capacities, such as the ability to reason, to discover meaning, or to learn from experience, to make judgments and emulate the decision-making ability of a human that has expert knowledge and experience in a particular field.
Molecular Genetics
in Biology
The study of the structure and functions of genes at a molecular.
Technical Drawing
in Visual Arts
The study of using symbols, perspectives, units of measurement, notation systems, visual styles, and page layouts to communicate building, engineering or construction ideas and instructions.
Environmental Science
in Earth Science
The interdisciplinary study of the environment, to improve its quality in every aspect. Collaborations include ecology, biology, physics, chemistry, zoology, mineralogy, oceanology, limnology, soil science, geology, atmospheric science, and geodesy.
Entrepreneurial Economics
in Economics
The study of combining existing economic resources to discover new ways of productivity.
Thermodynamics
in Chemical Engineering
The study of heat and temperature in systems and their relation to energy transferred by the system to its surroundings.
Ancient Greek History
in History
Study of Ancient Greece.
Histology
in Biology
The study of the microanatomy of cells and tissues of plants and animals.
Environmental History
in History
The study of how humans shape their environment, and how the environment in turn shapes human life over time.
Ancient Roman History
in History
Study of Ancient Rome.
Dermatology
in Biology
The study of the structures and diseases of the skin, hair, and nails.
Cryobiology
in Biology
The study of the effects of low temperatures on living things.
Inter-Linguistics
in Language & Literature
The study of the blend between an ethnic and a foreign language. Known as Pidgin English.
Biblical Studies
in Theology
The study of the Hebrew and Christian scriptures.
Neuropsychology
in Psychology
The study of the relation between the structure and function of the brain and specific psychological processes and behaviors, useful in the diagnosis and treatment of behavioral and cognitive effects of neurological disorders.
Biomedical Engineering
in Mechanical Engineering
The study of applying engineering principles and design concepts to enhancing diagnostic, therapeutic, medical, biological, and healthcare services.
Ergonomics
in Visual Arts
The study of applying psychological characteristics such as visual appeal, to the designing of products, systems, or devices, to improve interaction between them and the people who use them. Also called Human-factors engineering, Comfort Design, Functional Design, or Human Engineering.
Philosophy of History
in Philosophy
The study of the methods used by historians to understand past and present events.
Metaethics
in Philosophy
The study of what constitutes something as being ethical.
Psychometrics
in Psychology
The study of the theory and technique of testing, assessing, and measuring skill levels, knowledge, abilities, attitudes, personality traits, and educational achievements, using assessment validation instruments such as questionnaires, tests, raters' judgments, and personality tests.
Gastroenterology
in Health Science
The study of diseases affecting the digestive system, which include the organs from mouth to anus.
Gender Studies
in Sociology
The interdisciplinary study of what determines a person’s perception of gender, and how race, ethnicity, location, class, nationality, and disability influence sexuality.
Developmental Psychology
in Psychology
The study of how and why human beings change in cognitive, motivational, psychophysiological, and social functioning over the course of their lifespan.
Architectural Engineering
in Civil Engineering
The study of the application of engineering principles and technology aided by computers to the designing and construction of buildings. Also called Building Engineering.
Cultural Anthropology
in Anthropology
The study of the roots of our cultures, cultural practices, and beliefs.
Earthquake Engineering
in Civil Engineering
The interdisciplinary study of building earthquake-resistant houses and bridges.
Philology
in Language & Literature
The study of the history of a language, both in its oral form and literary texts.
Music Psychology
in Psychology
The study of how people perceive, process, create, experience, respond to, and incorporate music into everyday life.
Statistics
in Pure Mathematics
The study of collecting, analyzing, interpreting, organizing, and presenting data.
Numerical Analysis
in Pure Mathematics
The study of creating, analyzing, and implementing algorithms for obtaining numerical solutions to problems involving continuous variables.
Polymer Science
in Materials Science
The multidisciplinary study of synthetic polymers such as plastics and elastomers.
Church Music
in Performing Arts
The study of creating or writing music for performance in church with set words expressing propositions of a sacred nature. Also called Liturgical music.
Cryptography
in Computer Science
The study of constructing and analyzing protocols that prevent unwanted parties or the public from reading private messages.
Victimology
in Sociology
The study of the relationship between an injured party and an offender, by examining the causes and the nature of suffering, also whether the perpetrators were complete strangers, mere acquaintances, friends, or family members, and why a particular person or place was a target.
Forensic Science
in Law & Order
The study of collecting, preserving, and analyzing scientific evidence during the course of an investigation into matters of criminal and civil laws.
Cartography
in Geography
The study of making maps or using graphics to exhibit a geographical area.
Coastal Engineering
in Civil Engineering
The study of constructions at or near coastal regions.
Environmental Ethics
in Philosophy
The study of extending to our ecological and geographical environments the ethical rights to exist.
Petroleum Engineering
in Chemical Engineering
The study of the production of hydrocarbons, which can be either crude oil or natural gas.
Solid-State Physics
in Physics
The study of how the large-scale properties of solid materials result from their atomic-scale properties.
Zoology
in Biology
The study of animals and their behavior. Branch studies include: #Carcinology - study of crustaceans. #Cetology - study of whales, dolphins, and porpoises. #Entomology - study of insects. #Herpetology - study of amphibians and reptiles. #Ichthyology - study of fish. #Malacology - study of the Mollusca, the second-largest phylum of animals after the arthropods
Phonology
in Language & Literature
The study of the sound system or the sound patterns that occur within languages.
Philosophy of Psychology
in Philosophy
The study of unresolved matters and principles in the field of Psychology, such as the use of self-reporting as a reliable data-gathering method, and if emotions, desires, beliefs, can be measured objectively.
Bioethics
in Philosophy
The study of ethical and philosophical issues arising from the practice of medicine and biology, such as abortion, euthanasia, and cloning. Also called Philosophy of Biology.
Tourism Geography
in Geography
The study of travel and its influence on social interactions and culture.
Welfare Economics
in Economics
The study of the capacity or impact of economic policies in creating human welfare.
Philosophy of Biology
in Philosophy
The study of unresolved matters and principles in the field of Biology, such as the possibility of rationality, given our biological origins, and the origins of language and logic.
Marine Biology
in Biology
The multidisciplinary study of organisms in the sea, from microscopic organisms, to plankton, and to whales .
Historical Geography
in Geography
The study of the relationship between the environment and the initiation of various cultural, economic, and political landscapes, and their evolution over time to influence human behavior.
History of Buddhism
in Theology
The study of the origin of Buddhism and the developmental movements of the Theravāda, Mahāyāna and Vajrayāna traditions.
Analytical Chemistry
in Chemistry
The study of separating, identifying, and quantifying matter present.
Criminal Justice
in Law & Order
The interdisciplinary study of upholding social control and preventing crime through such government institutions as the police, criminal courts, and prisons, to provide criminal penalties and rehabilitation efforts to those who violate laws.
Linguistic Anthropology
in Anthropology
The study of how our world languages influence our social lives.
Anarchist Economics
in Economics
The study of economic activities within the political philosophy of anarchism, which advocates self-governed societies based on voluntary institutions, arguing primarily that government is both harmful and unnecessary.
Nationalism Studies
in Political Science
The study of preserving a nation's culture and interests, developing and maintaining a national identity based on shared characteristics such as culture, language, race, religion, political goals or a belief in a common ancestry.
Islamic Studies
in Theology
The study of Islam & the Koran.
Labor Law
in Law & Order
The study of rules between employers and employees, between trade unions, companies and the government to mediate conditions of work.
Playwriting
in Performing Arts
The study of weaving literature and artistic themes into a dramatic presentation.
Harmonic Analysis
in Pure Mathematics
The study of describing and analyzing phenomena of a periodically recurrent nature, representing functions or signals as the superposition of basic waves.
Pediatric Psychology
in Psychology
The study of the psychological effects of illness and injury, to promote health behaviors in children, adolescents, and families, and to address their dynamic relationships with the health delivery system as a whole.
Environmental Law
in Law & Order
The study of rules governing the effects of human activity on the natural environment, in the effort to preserve natural resources such as forests, minerals, or fisheries, and prevent environmental pollution.
Sports Medicine
in Health Science
The study of physical fitness, treatment and prevention of injuries related to sports and exercise.
Latin American History
in History
The study of Latin American civilization.
Applied Physics
in Electrical Engineering
The study of developing new technologies or solving engineering problems using the principles of physics.
Systems Psychology
in Psychology
The study of human behavior and experiences in complex systems.
![Atomic, Molecular, & Optical Physics [AMO]](https://sci.i.ng/images/mwall/200x125/images/banners/gil/physics/a-m-o.jpg)
